LC
Jussive and Hortatory
The Jussive (iubeo, -ere, iussi, iussus) and the Hortatory (hortor, -ari, -atus sum) are used to express a comand or an exhortation:
Venat! --> Let him come! (Jussive)
Veniamus -> Let's come! (Hortatory)
The Jussive occurs in the third person, the Hortatory in the first.
The negative is introduced by ne: Ne hoc faciat! Let him not do this!
Deliberative
The present and imperfect sunjunctives are used to deliberate about something, often ina a rhetorical question:
Quid faciam? -> What am I to do?
Quid facerem? -> What was I to do?
The negative is introduced by non.
Potential
The subjunctive may be used to express an action which might possibly occur:
Haec credas -> You might believe these things.
Dicas eum hominem bonum esse. -> You might say he is a good man.
Past poteniality is expressed by the imperfect subjunctive:
Crederes eum hominem bonum esse. You might have believed he was a good man.
Optative
Used for a future wish capable of fulfillment, introduced by utinam or ut (negative utinam or ne)
Utinam veniat! -> Would that he may come!
Utinam ne veniat! -> Would tha he may not come!